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About 10 percent of adults and most children less than 5 years old infected with hepatitis B are unable to clear the infection from their bodies. These individuals no longer have symptoms but still carry the virus in their body.

1.How did I get the Hepatitis B virus?

HBV is mainly transmitted through contact of blood and body fluid:

• From infected mother to her baby during birth.
• Through unsafe sex (without use of condoms).
• By sharing contaminated needles and personal care items e.g. shaver, razor, toothbrush.
• Through needle stick / sharp injuries at work.

2.How did I get my infection?

You can get hepatitis B by direct contact with blood or certain body fluids, like semen or vaginal secretions, of a person who has it. For example, you can get it by having sex or sharing needles with a person who has it. A baby can get it from its mother during birth. It may be spread within households if razors, toothbrushes, or other personal items are shared. Approximately 25 percent of all persons with hepatitis B have no idea how they got it.

3.How can I avoid spreading the virus to other people?

• Prevent other people from coming into contact with your blood. In case of bleeding or trauma, the wounds should be dressed properly.
• Items contaminated by the carrier’s blood should be disinfected with bleach.
  • Contaminated clothing: immerse the item in 1:49 household bleach for 30 minutes before washing.
  • Contaminated furniture or toilet seat: wipe with 1:4 household bleach.
• Inform health care workers such as doctors, dentists and nurses that you are a Hepatitis B carrier.
• Practice ‘Safer Sex’. Always use condom during sexual intercourse.
• Advise all household contacts and regular sexual partners to have their blood checked for Hepatitis B and ensure that they are vaccinated if necessary. (Antibody to Hepatitis B virus can be tested 1-2 months after the 3rd vaccine)
• Do not share personal care items, such as shaver, razor, toothbrush and nail clipper.
• Do not share needles or any other injecting equipment with others.
• Do not donate blood, sperm or other body organs.
• Babies born to Hepatitis B carrier mothers should receive Hepatitis B vaccine along with Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) shortly after birth.

4.WHAT YOU CAN DO TO TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF:

† Avoid alcohol because it can damage your liver.
† Tell your doctor that you are a Hepatitis B carrier. Discuss with your doctor any recommended treatment or tests and the need to avoid certain medications.
† If you inject (shoot) drugs, you could catch a more severe form of hepatitis. Get help from a drug treatment centre to get off drugs.

5.How can I keep my family and friends from getting this?

• • Talk to your health care provider or local health department about prevention and protection for your family and friends.
  • Ensure anyone living in your household gets the hepatitis B vaccine.
  • If you are a parent, make sure your children receive the hepatitis B vaccine.
  • Inform any sexual partners that they should be tested for hepatitis B.
  • Do not have unprotected sex.
  • Do not let anyone touch your blood or body fluids.
  • Do not share needles.
  • Do not share personal items, such as toothbrushes or razors.
  • If you are pregnant, be aware that your newborn will need special medicine and the hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth.